DuckStation Tutorial

Last updated July 12, 2024

About DuckStation for Windows

This tutorial is to help you with DuckStation for Windows. DuckStation is considered a top PlayStation 1 emulator. All games emulate flawlessly. In addition to upscaling 3D graphics (a staple feature in all PS1 emulators), DuckStation comes equipped with all the modern PGXP correction features. These corrections fix the inaccuracies that are evident when PlayStation 1 graphics are enhanced.

DuckStation itself is very easy to use. As someone who's been making emulator tutorials for over two decades, I'm thoroughly impressed with how user-friendly DuckStation is. Unlike ePSXe, it doesn't use plug-ins. Setting up DuckStation takes less than a minute! Best of all, DuckStation auto-updates ! So you never need to worry about going out of your way to keep DuckStation up-to-date. This is a valuable feature that video game emulators rarely offer.

Should you use DuckStation?

With all the emulator offerings as of 2024, should you use DuckStation? Yes, there's no question about it. DuckStation is the best PlayStation 1 emulator. RetroArch, the top multi-system emulator, is another good option for PlayStation 1 emulation. It can emulate PlayStation 1 games as good as DuckStation. However, swapping discs with multiple-CD games can be a hassle with RetroArch.

You might be thinking, “What about ePSXe?” ePSXe hasn't been updated since 2016. It is outdated when compared to DuckStation and RetroArch.

Download & installation

You can download DuckStation from its homepage:

• DuckStation homepage

Click Windows, then Download Duck. You don't need to download the “VC++RT” runtime. If DuckStation requires it to run, it'll prompt you with a download shortcut when you open DuckStation for the first time.

If you're using Google Chrome, it might 'warn' you about downloading DuckStation (see below). People typically don't download emulators, so this type of warning is a precaution Chrome gives for any EXE download. There's no cause for alarm here. I assure you, DuckStation is a safe emulator. Click the down arrow icon and select Keep to allow DuckStation to download to your device.

DuckStation is a standalone program, so it does not have an install wizard. Installation is simple: just extract DuckStation from its zip file. To make things clearer, check out the video below that shows how to 'install' a portable emulator (it shows Snes9x, but DuckStation is the same process). It's pretty straight-forward - all that you're doing is extracting a zip file while doing a little bit of folder management. If you want to 'uninstall' a portable emulator, simply delete it!

In the video, I'm recommending “Documents” to house your emulators. But, you could also place emulators in “Downloads”, a folder on your desktop, an external HDD, or a thumb drive. These are common locations with full read/write access. Keeping it on your computer is better than external storage because it runs better & faster.

To open DuckStation, double-click on . You may want to right-click it and create a shortcut to this EXE for your desktop or something, to remind you which of the three exe's you need to use.

Error: MSVCP140_1.dll is missing

If you open DuckStation and receive the following error message:

The program can't start because MSVCP140_1.dll is missing from your computer. Try reinstalling the program to fix this problem.

That's coming up because you're using an older version of Windows. Fortunately, this has an easy fix! All you need to do is download the latest Visual Studio. On that page, look for the Visual Studio section . So download & install Visual Studio. You don't need to restart your computer after the install. Then try DuckStation again.

Q: DuckStation crashes when I open it!

So if you double-clicked on and DuckStation opens & immediately closes (it crashes), or just nothing happens, then you probably have a legacy-related issue on your hands. I recommend double-checking to make sure you're using the latest version of DuckStation.

DuckStation is designed for modern computers and Windows 10/11. If you're using an older version of Windows or an old computer, DuckStation may not be supported. In this case, my first recommendation is to try RetroArch with the Beetle PSX core. If RetroArch doesn't work well for you either, then old PlayStation 1 emulators are your only option. Hence, you should try ePSXe or pSX.

*If DuckStation is crashing while a game is running, that's a different issue that I cover further down.

Setting up the BIOS

The PlayStation 1 BIOS is required to boot games. This is a separate download after you've downloaded DuckStation. Of which, you can download it right here:

• PlayStation 1 BIOS (236 KB). Download by right-clicking the download link and go to Save Link As. When saving, rename the “_ip” file extension to “zip”. If you don't see the file extension, try showing them. I also made this GIF animation to show you how to change the file extension.

With the BIOS in hand, let's proceed with setting it up:

1. Extract “Scph1001.bin” from the above zip file.
2. After opening up DuckStation for the first time, it will create its directories in Documents. Go ahead and open up Documents.
   • Don't know how to access Documents? First, open Windows File Explorer. The easiest way to open it is to click the folder icon in your home row of apps. If a folder icon isn't present, you can also do this: in the “Search” area type “file” and you'll see a File Explorer app appear at the top of the search results - as shown here . With File Explorer open, click Documents .
3. Once in Documents, click DuckStation .
4. Place the bios in the bios folder
   Inside DuckStation's folder, you'll find a folder called “bios”. Inside this bios folder is where you need to place inside “Scph1001.bin”.
5. That's it! Once “Scph1001.bin” is in the bios folder, the next time you open DuckStation it'll detect it and you'll be able to boot up games.

Where DuckStation saves everything

This is important so I wanted to highlight this. As mentioned above, DuckStation will create its directories in the Documents folder . And then inside DuckStation's folder you'll see such folders as:

• memcards - When you save at a save point within a game, this is where that save file is stored.
• savestates - When you use DuckStation to save a state, this is where those save files are stored.
• screenshots - When you snap a screenshot, this is where DuckStation will save it.

So you need to know where these folders are so you can grab your screenshots. Also, if you want to backup your saves or transfer them to another computer, you'd need to copy over the “memcards” and “savestates” folders.

Showing the toolbar (recommended!)

Newer versions of DuckStation hide the toolbar by default. I highly recommend showing it. It visualizes the most used features of DuckStation as easily accessible, large buttons. I don't know why they began hiding this valuable bar by default.

You can enable the toolbar by going to View > Toolbar, as shown above.

Setting up the keyboard or gamepad

The default keyboard keys are different than the defaults of other video game emulators:

The direction keys are W, S, A, and D and the rest of the buttons are in the numeric pad. If this is weird for you, you can reconfigure these keys.

1. To find the above screenshot, go to Settings > Controllers. Then, click the tab for
2. To reconfigure a key or set it to a gamepad button, simply click it and press the new keyboard key or gamepad button.

Loading a PSX ISO

DuckStation has two ways to load PlayStation 1 games. You can (1) load games by manually selecting them, just as you would with most video game emulators, or (2) you can tell DuckStation where your PlayStation 1 games are stored and have it populate a game list within DuckStation.

I'm going to go over both ways. But first, I need to walk you through extracting PlayStation 1 games:

1. Downloaded PlayStation 1 ISO's typically come in a CHD file or 7Z file. They're less commonly in a ZIP, RAR, and ECM file. CHD files don't need to be extracted (you can skip these extracting steps if your game is a CHD). 7Z/RAR/ECM must be extracted. To extract a 7Z or RAR file, you can use 7-Zip (it's free).
   • To extract an ECM file watch this video. Although DuckStation supports ECM files so you don't have to extract it if you don't want to. I recommend it, though, because the game loads faster when it's extracted.
2. Using 7-Zip is easy. Just right-click the 7Z or RAR file and go to 7-Zip > Extract Here, as shown here .
3. Once the ISO is extracted, now take notice of the file format of the ISO. DuckStation only supports ISO files that are in BIN (BIN/CUE), IMG, ISO, CHD, MDS, PBP, or ECM format. Here's a visual example of how they look like (the icons will look differently):
   
   If the PSX game you downloaded came in a weird format such as NRG, UIF, DAA, CDI, XBX, B51, BWI, etc. - they are not supported. I recommend trying to find your game(s) in CHD or BIN/CUE format.
   • Don't see file extensions? Try showing them.

Now to load your game(s):

Q: My games aren't showing in the game list!

Firstly, this section is assuming you've already read through “Loading a PSX ISO”. You've tried and failed at making a game list after following my directions. Well, if your PlayStation 1 ISOs are not valid ISOs, that's the reason why they're not showing up. To confirm that a PlayStation 1 ISO is valid, it needs to successfully run when you click on to load a game (or go to System > Start File).

So if you're absolutely sure your PlayStation 1 ISOs are valid and they're still not showing in the game list, then your ISOs are probably 'old'. DuckStation can be a bit quirky with old ISOs. Resolving the issue is simple: you need to download new ISOs.

What I recommend is downloading PlayStation 1 ISOs in “CHD” format. CHD is a relatively new format that has become the new standard for CD-based games. You can find them on Google by searching “archive.org playstation 1 chd”. Click the first search result, then click SHOW ALL, as shown here . Then download all the games you want :)

Q: My PAL PS1 game is giving an SBI error!

Upon loading a PAL version of a PlayStation 1 game, you may receive this error:

You are attempting to run a libcrypt protected game without an SBI file:
[name of your game]
Your dump is incomplete, you must add the SBI file to run this game.

Some PAL PS1 games (mostly by Infogrames and EA) use LibCrypt anti-piracy protection. For these games, you must have the SBI file in order to emulate them properly.

Depending on where you downloaded the game, an SBI file might already be included in it. If that's the case, simply make sure the SBI file and your PS1 ISO have the same name. If the SBI file isn't there with your PAL ISO, you can download a collection of all SBI files below.

• All PAL PS1 SBI files (109 KB)

If you need more help, check out this page on CDRomance.

Full screen

To enter full screen mode, simply press Alt+Enter. When you wish to go back to window mode, press Alt+Enter again.

Boosting performance

By default, DuckStation uses “OpenGL” to process the video output (a standard method with Windows). However, if you have a good video card you can set DuckStation to use that instead, resulting in a boost in performance.

1. Go to Settings > Graphics.
2. In the Adapter dropdown selection , select your video card. If you don't have a good video card, selecting it here may not do anything to boost performance.

Running games at 60fps

The question “Can DuckStation run games at 60fps?” is a loaded question. I'll start by saying: at default, DuckStation will always try to run games at 60fps (frames per second). Hitting the 60fps threshold depends on the game and your hardware. DuckStation will have a harder time hitting 60fps if you've upscaled the graphics, enabled PGXP corrections, or enabled anything else that takes up more CPU.

Frame rates are dependent on how a game is programmed. If a game has an unlocked frame rate, it can achieve 60fps. If a game has a locked frame rate, it can't go past 30fps. Even more complicated, games often have a mix of locked and unlocked instances. For example, gameplay might be capped at 30fps, but opening the menu runs at 60fps.

DuckStation has an 'overclock' feature that, once enabled, tries to force games to run at 60fps. Be warned, though, that enabling this feature may cause games to crash. Also, simply enabling overclocking may not be enough for certain games. I recommend looking online to see if 60fps cheats or hacks are available for the specific game you're playing. Keep note that overclocking still needs to be enabled when these cheats or hacks are in use.

Overclocking can be enabled by going to Settings > Console, then put the check in Enable Clock Speed Control - as shown here . DuckStation will prompt you with a warning that enabling this may crash games. Then, adjust the slider to increase the percentage past 100% for how much you want DuckStation to overlock emulation. Additionally, I recommend showing the GPU usage on-screen so you can see if the overlocking is working:

1. Go to Settings > Graphics.
2. Click on the OSD tab. Put a check in Show FPS. During gameplay, DuckStation will show you a little fps indicator.

Upscaling graphics

You can set the resolution in the settings by going to Settings > Graphics > Internal Resolution, as shown here .

Enabling PGXP corrections

'PGXP corrections' are the hottest feature of modern PlayStation 1 emulators. The original PlayStation 1 wasn't designed to be upscaled to high resolutions. So when PlayStation 1 emulators upscale graphics, you begin to notice obvious faults in the 3D animation and 3D texturing.

View the sample comparisons around here. The image above shows PGXP correcting texture mapping. The GIF animation shows PGXP correcting jittery animation. Pretty cool, huh? Here's how to enable these features:

1. Go to Settings > Graphics.
2. On the first tab, “Rendering”, put a check in PGXP Geometry Correction.
   
3. Then, click on the “PGXP” tab. Put a check in the four options circled below.
   

Disc swapping for multiple-CD games

When you reach the point of a multiple-CD game when you need to swap discs, click on the Change Disc icon (if these large icons aren't present, you can show them). You're given a few options:

• From File - You can manually navigate your computer to select the next ISO file.
• From Game List - If you set up a game list, you can select the next disc from the game list.
• From Playlist - If you set up an M3U file for the game's ISO files, the discs would appear here in a list. In my RetroArch tutorial, I explain how to create an M3U file for disc-swapping. Having an M3U file is convenient, but if you're not too computer savvy I don't recommend going through the trouble because the process can be a hassle. I recommend the File or Game List options above.

Once you've selected the ISO for the next disc, press Start or whatever other buttons the game wants you to press to proceed.

Save states

Save states is a feature that saves the exact spot you are in any game. You can recall your save state at any time. Here, take a look at the save state menu . You can collect up to 10 different save states per game. The menu also offers 10 different global save states, but I think you should ignore these.

There are three different ways to access save states:

New to emulation? If you're new to video game emulation, I don't want to confuse you into thinking that save states are what you're supposed to use as the only means to save your progress with DuckStation. Save states are an optional feature. You can still save your game at save points as you would on a real PlayStation 1. In-game saves are loaded at the game's title screen (like on a real PS1) - they're not loaded via the System menu.

Pro Tip: If you're playing a game that has in-game saving (such as an RPG) I recommend that you use both save states and in-game saving to save your games. That way you'll always have a backup.

Switching memory to shared memory

Unlike other PlayStation 1 emulators (mainly speaking of ePSXe), by default DuckStation creates a memory card per game. This method offers many advantages. But yet, the traditional method with all games sharing the same memory card has some advantages too. Or maybe you're just nostalgic of the traditional method. In any case, if you wish you can set DuckStation to share the memory card.

1. Click on Settings > Memory Cards.
2. Look under “Memory Card 1”. In the Memory Card Type dropdown, select Shared Between All Games - as shown here .

Memory card: copying/moving/deleting saves

DuckStation gives you the option to manage your saves in an exclusive editor or using the PlayStation 1's native interface. The difference is that DuckStation's editor is far more robust and lets you select any memory card file on your computer.

Fast forward

There are two ways to enable fast forward:

Capturing screenshots

Press the F10 key to capture a screenshot. DuckStation will capture it as a PNG image and toss it in the “screenshots” folder. Remember, this screenshots folder is located in Documents then DuckStation .

I think the F10 shortcut is the most convenient, but know you can also capture screenshots via the System menu and the Screenshot icon - as shown here .

Using cheats

DuckStation auto-downloads cheats! It's an awesome feature. Here's how you can enable cheats:

1. Click on the button (if this large icon isn't present, you can show it).
2. You'll be prompted with a warning about using cheats, followed by two buttons: Enable For This Game or Enable For All Games. Don't let the warning scare you. Cheats rarely break games. I think you can go ahead and enable it for all games. If the disclaimer has you nervous (you shouldn't be), you can play it safe and enable it only for the current game.
3. After enabling cheats, the Cheats button will now bring up the cheats menu:
   
4. The cheats have already auto-downloaded. To view them, click Cheat Manager. You'll see a list of cheats ready for you to enable. If you want to add your own Gameshark codes, click Add Code.

Transferring MCR or GME saves to DuckStation

The RPG shrines in my FantasyAnime.com are loaded with periodical “MCR” memory card saves (from ePSXe). GameFAQs has memory card saves, too, in “GME” format. Can MCR and GME saves be used with DuckStation? They certainly can! Here's how:

1. If your save is a GME file, you need to rename it to MCD or MCR. For example, if it's called “finalfantasyvii.gme”, rename it to “finalfantasyvii.mcd”. Otherwise, if your save is an MCR file then jump to the next step.
2. Open the Memory Card Editor. Click on Tools > Memory Card Editor.
3. In the Memory Card Editor , select the memory card file for the game you want saves transferred to. Then click the icon to select the memory card file you want to copy saves from. In my example picture, I selected a memory card file from ePSXe.
4. With both memory card files open, select the save slot you want to copy over, then click the '<<' icon.

Important note: You may run into this issue when transferring saves between memory cards. When you copy over a save and boot up the game, the save you copied over isn't showing up. I've found to have better luck formatting a memory card before copying a game over.

Q: Can I transfer my memory card to another PSX emulator?

Yes! You just need to rename the file and copy it over. For example, let's say you want to copy over a memory card file to ePSXe. You'd rename “finalfantasyvii.mcd” to “epsxe001.mcr”. If you're not sure what to rename the file to for the target emulator, just look in the emulator's memory card folder to see how it names its memory card files. That's all there is to it.

If you want to do the opposite and transfer a memory card file to DuckStation, read the section about Memory Card Management.

Q: DuckStation crashes during gameplay!

Crashing during gameplay is a tricky issue to troubleshoot because there are many issues that could have caused it. By “crashing” I'm talking about DuckStation suddenly closing, the game freezes, or the game freezes on a black or white screen. Let's try approaching this one issue at a time:

If you did all the above and DuckStation is still crashing, I would guess either DuckStation isn't fully compatible with the given game or DuckStation isn't fully compatible with your computer. There would be no fix for this. You can try RetroArch with the Beetle PSX core. If you're using an old computer or an older version of Windows, try ePSXe or pSX.

Dumping your PSX games to ISO

Perhaps you prefer using your own PlayStation 1 games instead of downloading them from the Internet? Or maybe you just want to keep backup copies of your PlayStation 1 games? Whatever the case, here's how you can dump your games:

1. Download & install RetroArch for Windows. It's the #1 multi-system emulator. I have a tutorial for RetroArch for Windows as well.
2. Put your game CD in your computer's CD-ROM drive. Open RetroArch and select Dump Disc, as shown here
3. On the next screen, select your CD-ROM drive (the first option, most likely).
4. You're going to see this progress bar appear on the lower-left of the screen:
   
   Depending on the speed of your CD-ROM drive, this will probably take 5-20 minutes to finish.
5. When RetroArch finishes dumping your game CD, the progress bar will disappear. It doesn't prompt you with an alert sound or anything. If your CD-ROM was humming during the dumping, you'll know RetroArch finished when your CD-ROM's humming sound stops.
6. RetroArch dumps the ISO of your game CD in its Downloads folder. So the next step is locating the Downloads folder. If you didn't set a custom location for RetroArch during its installation, then it's in its default location in Windows (C:) > RetroArch-Win64 - as shown here .
7. In RetroArch's Downloads folder, you should see a BIN file and a CUE file with a weird filename like “cdrom-200000-1000000”, as shown here . Double-click on the CUE file and choose to open it in Notepad. You'll see the text that's shown in my picture.
8. Next, rename the CUE file and BIN file to the name of your game. Open the CUE file in Notepad to rename the ISO as well. You can name these files to any name you want. The only requirement is that both files & the name in the CUE file must be the same exact name. Look here - these three instances need to be changed to the same name.
9. That's it! You've successfully dumped your PlayStation 1 game. You can use it with any PlayStation 1 emulator or any multi-system emulator that supports PlayStation 1.

Finding PSX ISOs

In the late 2010s, a new ISO was introduced called “CHD”. This format is now commonly used for systems such as PlayStation 1, Sega Saturn, Sega CD/Mega CD, and PC Engine CD/TurboGrafx16-CD. CHD guarantees that games will run effectively on modern video game emulators (from a file compatibility perspective).

To find PlayStation 1 ISOs in CHD, I recommend searching Google with “archive.org playstation 1 chd”. Clicking the first link typically brings you directly to the list of CHD ISO downloads. If the link takes you to a landing page , click SHOW ALL to reach the downloads page.

If you want more options for downloading ROMs, check out my links page.